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Original post : sfc - Guide for Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 8.1, 10.
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This guide shows you <strong>how to use the sfc utility</strong> for the following Windows versions: <strong>Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 8.1 </strong>and<strong> 10.</strong> <h2>About sfc</h2> Sfc or sfc.exe stands for <strong>System File Checker</strong>. It's a utility in Microsoft Windows operating systems, starting from Windows 98, that allows you to scan and restore corruptions in system files. The sfc utility is available for Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10. To run this utility you need to be <strong>logged in as an Administrator</strong>. <h3>Parameters</h3> The most command parameter for this utility is: <pre>sfc /scannow</pre> The <code>/scannow</code> command will scan for issues and, if it finds one, it will attempt to replace the files that have issues from the DLL Cache. In Windows Vista or later (7, 8, 8.1), the sfc utility can be used to scan individual files. Other parameters for the sfc utility are: <code>sfc /scanonce</code> will scan the system files only once. <code>sfc /scanboot</code> will scan the system files at every boot of your computer <code>sfc /revert</code> will return the scan to its default operating <code>sfc /purgecache</code> will remove the Windows File Protection cache and begin a scan over the system files <code>sfc /cachesize=x</code>, where <code>x</code> is the size in MB, will set the cache size of the Windows File Protection <code>sfc /?</code> will display the help list <h2>Run sfc in Easy Recovery Essentials</h2> You can download and burn Easy Recovery Essentials on any CD, DVD or USBs and run the sfc.exe commands you need. To do so, follow these steps: <ol> <li><a href="https://neosmart.net/EasyRE/">Download Easy Recovery Essentials</a></li> <li>Burn the ISO image. Follow our instructions on <a href="https://neosmart.net/wiki/creating-a-bootable-cd-or-dvd/">how to burn a bootable ISO image to a CD or DVD</a>. If you'd like to have a recovery USB instead, <a href="https://neosmart.net/wiki/easybcd/tips-and-tricks/easyre-recovery-usb/">follow these instructions</a>.</li> <li>Boot into Easy Recovery Essentials</li> <li>Select <strong>Launch Command Line</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2013/08/EasyRE-Home.png" /></li> </ol> <h2>Run sfc in Windows XP</h2> To run the sfc utility in Windows XP, follow these steps. If you run the utility while you're logged into Windows XP: <ol> <li>Open <strong>Command Prompt</strong>. To do so, go to Start > <strong>Run</strong> and type <code>cmd</code> and click OK.</li> <li>Type the <code>/scannow</code> command and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>: <pre>sfc /scannow</pre> </li> </ol> If you run sfc outside Windows XP, e.g. when you're at Recovery Console or <a href="#Run_sfc_in_Easy_Recovery_Essentials">via Easy Recovery Essentials</a> if you can't boot into Windows XP, you need to set the path where your Windows XP is installed: <ol> <li>Open Command Prompt</li> <li>Type this command, but replace <code>c:\</code> with the letter of the drive where your Windows XP is installed: <pre>sfc /scannow /offbootdir=c:\ /offwindir=c:\windows</pre> </li> <li>Press <kbd>Enter</kbd></li> </ol> <p class="info">If System File Checker founds any errors and repairs the issues found, restart your computer before you boot into Windows XP.</p> To run the commands using your Windows XP installation disc, follow these steps: <ol> <li>Insert the installation CD in the disc tray</li> <li>Restart the computer</li> <li>At the <em>Press any key</em> message, press any key on your keyboard to boot from the CD</li> <li>At the <em>Welcome to Setup</em> screen, press <kbd>R</kbd> to open <strong>Recovery Console</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/05/windows-xp-r-recovery-console.jpg" /></li> <li>Enter the Administrator password</li> <li>When Command Prompt appears, type the sfc command and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>: <pre>sfc /scannow /offbootdir=c:\ /offwindir=c:\windows</pre> Replace <code>c:\</code> with the letter of the drive where your Windows XP is installed.</li> </ol> <h2>Run sfc in Windows Vista</h2> To run the sfc in Windows Vista, follow these steps: <ol> <li>Click Start</li> <li>Click All Programs</li> <li>Click Accessories</li> <li>Right-click on <strong>Command Prompt</strong></li> <li>Click <strong>Run as Administrator</strong></li> <li>If UAC (User Account Control) appears, click Yes or Continue to continue to open Command Prompt as Administrator</li> <li>When the Command Prompt appears, type: <code>sfc /scannow</code></li> <li>Press <kbd>Enter</kbd></li> </ol> <strong>If you can't boot into Windows Vista, use your original installation disc.</strong> To do so, follow these steps below. <p class="info">If you don't have the installation disc, go to <a href="#Run_sfc_in_Easy_Recovery_Essentials">Run sfc in Easy Recovery Essentials</a>. You can burn EasyRE on any CD, DVD or USBs.</p> <ol> <li>Insert the original Windows Vista DVD in the disc tray</li> <li>Boot from the DVD</li> <li>Choose a language and keyboard layout</li> <li>At the <em>Welcome</em> screen, click on <strong>Repair your computer</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/06/windows-vista-repair-your-computer.png" /></li> <li>Choose your operating system from the list</li> <li>Click Next</li> <li>At the <em>System Recovery Options</em> window, click <strong>Command Prompt</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/06/windows-vista-system-recovery-options.jpg" /></li> <li>Type the command and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>: <pre>sfc /scannow /offbootdir=c:\ /offwindir=c:\windows</pre> Replace <code>c:</code> with the letter of the drive where Windows Vista is installed.</li> </ol> <h2>Run sfc in Windows 7</h2> To run the sfc in Windows Vista, follow these steps: <p class="info">If you can't boot into Windows 7, go to <a href="#Run_sfc_in_Easy_Recovery_Essentials">Run sfc in Easy Recovery Essentials</a>.</p> <ol> <li>Click Start</li> <li>Type <code>command prompt</code> in search box</li> <li>Right-click on the first item in search results list: <strong>Command Prompt</strong></li> <li>Click Run as administrator</li> <li>Click Continue or Yes on the UAC warning window to allow this action</li> <li>When Command Prompt appears, type the command: <pre>sfc /scannow</pre> </li> <li>Press <kbd>Enter</kbd><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2715" src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/10/sfc-scannow.png" alt="The scannow sfc command" width="675" height="340" /></li> </ol> You can also run the sfc command via the installation disc or the System Recovery Options panel installed on your computer. <strong>Method #1</strong> <ol> <li>Insert the original Windows 7 installation DVD in the disc tray and reboot your computer</li> <li>Press any key when it says "Press any key to boot from CD or DVD.."</li> <li>Select a language and keyboard option</li> <li>Click <strong>Repair your computer</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2013/10/Install-Now-Windows-7.jpg" /></li> <li>Select your operating system<img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2013/10/Select-Windows-OS-to-repair.png" /></li> <li>Choose <strong>Command Prompt</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2013/08/System-Recovery-Options.png" /></li> <li>Type the command and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>: <pre>sfc /scannow /offbootdir=c:\ /offwindir=c:\windows</pre> Replace <code>c:</code> with the letter of the drive where Windows 7 is installed.</li> </ol> <strong>Method #2</strong> <ol> <li>Restart your computer</li> <li>Press the <kbd>F8</kbd> key several times during booting before the Windows 7 logo appears</li> <li>At the <em>Advanced Options</em> screen, select <strong>Repair your computer</strong> <p class="info">If Repair your computer option isn't available, follow Method #1 above.</p> <img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2013/09/Windows-7-Advanced-Boot-Options.png" /></li> <li>Select a keyboard and language</li> <li>Select <strong>Command Prompt</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2013/08/System-Recovery-Options.png" /></li> <li>Type the command and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>: <pre>sfc /scannow /offbootdir=c:\ /offwindir=c:\windows</pre> Replace <code>c:</code> with the letter of the drive where Windows 7 is installed.</li> </ol> <h2>Run sfc in Windows 8 or 8.1</h2> To run the sfc in Windows 8 or Windows 8.1, follow these steps: <ol> <li>Boot into your system</li> <li>Press the [winkey] and <kbd>C</kbd> key to open the Charm Bar</li> <li>Type <code>command prompt</code> or <code>cmd</code> in the search field</li> <li>From the search results list, right-click on <strong>Command Prompt</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/09/windows-8-search-results-cmd.jpg" /></li> <li>Select <strong>Run as Administrator</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/09/windows-8-run-as-administrator.png" /></li> <li>Enter the password</li> <li>When Command Prompt loads, type the sfc command and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>: <pre>sfc /scannow</pre> </li> </ol> You can also run the utility from the Windows installation disc. To do so, follow these steps below. <p class="info">If you don't have the installation disc, go to <a href="#Run_sfc_in_Easy_Recovery_Essentials">Run sfc in Easy Recovery Essentials</a>. You can burn EasyRE on any CD, DVD or USBs.</p> <ol> <li>Insert the disc and restart the computer</li> <li>Press any key to boot from the DVD</li> <li>Choose your keyboard layout, time and language</li> <li>Click Next</li> <li>Click <strong>Repair your computer</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/06/windows-8-repair-your-computer-screen.png" /></li> <li>Click <strong>Troubleshoot</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/02/windows-8-recovery-options-screen-troubleshoot.png" /></li> <li>Click <strong>Advanced options</strong></li> <li>Click <strong>Command Prompt</strong></li> <li>Type the command and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>: <pre>sfc /scannow /offbootdir=c:\ /offwindir=c:\windows</pre> </li> </ol> <h2>Run sfc in Windows 10</h2> To run the sfc in Windows 10, follow these steps: <ol> <li>Boot into your system</li> <li>Press the [winkey] key to open the Start Menu</li> <li>Type <code>command prompt</code> or <code>cmd</code> in the search field</li> <li>From the search results list, right-click on <strong>Command Prompt</strong><img class="alignnone wp-image-5178 size-full" src="https://neosmart.net/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/10/cmd.png" alt="cmd" width="320" height="480" /></li> <li>Select <strong>Run as Administrator</strong></li> <li>Enter the password</li> <li>When Command Prompt loads, type the sfc command and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>: <pre>sfc /scannow</pre> </li> </ol> You can also run the utility from the Windows installation disc. To do so, follow these steps below. <p class="info">If you don't have the installation disc, go to <a href="#Run_sfc_in_Easy_Recovery_Essentials">Run sfc in Easy Recovery Essentials</a>. You can burn EasyRE on any CD, DVD or USBs.</p> <ol> <li>Insert the disc and restart the computer</li> <li>Press any key to boot from the DVD</li> <li>Choose your keyboard layout, time and language</li> <li>Click Next</li> <li>Click <strong>Repair your computer</strong><img class="alignnone wp-image-5053 size-full" src="https://neosmart.net/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/12/Win10_setup.png" alt="Windows 10 Setup screen" width="603" height="419" /></li> <li>Click <strong>Troubleshoot</strong><img src="/wiki/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/02/windows-8-recovery-options-screen-troubleshoot.png" /></li> <li>Click <strong>Advanced options</strong></li> <li>Click <strong>Command Prompt</strong></li> <li>Type the command and press <kbd>Enter</kbd>: <pre>sfc /scannow /offbootdir=c:\ /offwindir=c:\windows</pre> </li> </ol> <h2></h2> <h2>Troubleshooting</h2> <h3>sfc isn't recognized</h3> If the sfc commands you're typing in Command Prompt aren't being recognized, make sure that: <ul> <li>You're logged in as an Administrator</li> <li>Or you're logged in as a user of an Administrator group</li> </ul> <h3>Windows Resource Protection could not perform</h3> You may receive this error while trying to perform a <code>/sfc scannow</code>: <pre>Windows Resource Protection could not perform the requested operation</pre> This error usually appears if the hard disk has corruptions or bad sectors. To fix this error, you can try any of the following tips: <strong>Tip #1: Boot into Safe Mode</strong> Try to run the <code>sfc /scannow</code> command while in Safe Mode. To boot into Safe Mode, follow these steps: <ol> <li>Boot your computer</li> <li>Press the <kbd>F8</kbd> key before the Windows logo appears</li> <li>At the <em>Windows Options</em> screen, use the arrows keys and select <strong>Safe Mode</strong></li> <li>Press <kbd>Enter</kbd></li> </ol> To get the full instructions on how to boot into Safe Mode, read <a href="https://neosmart.net/wiki/safe-mode/">our guide on Safe Mode</a> with instructions for each Windows version: <ul> <li><a href="https://neosmart.net/wiki/safe-mode/#Safe_Mode_in_Windows_XP">Windows XP</a></li> <li><a href="https://neosmart.net/wiki/safe-mode/#Safe_Mode_in_Windows_Vista">Windows Vista</a></li> <li><a href="https://neosmart.net/wiki/safe-mode/#Safe_Mode_in_Windows_7">Windows 7</a></li> <li><a href="https://neosmart.net/wiki/safe-mode/#Safe_Mode_in_Windows_8_and_81">Windows 8 or 8.1</a></li> </ul> <strong>Tip #2: Run chkdsk</strong> If Tip #1 doesn't work, also try to run chkdsk commands to check if your hard disk has bad sector or corruption issues. To run chkdsk (related guide: <a href="https://neosmart.net/wiki/chkdsk/">chkdsk</a>), follow these steps: <ol> <ol> <li>Insert the original Windows installation CD or DVD</li> <li>Go to Command Prompt. Depending on your Windows version, Command Prompt is: <ul> <li>Windows XP: Go to Recovery Console</li> <li>Windows Vista or 7: Go to System Recovery Options</li> <li>Windows 8 or 8.1: Go to Troubleshoot > Advanced Options</li> </ul> </li> <li>When Command Prompt appears, type this command: <pre>chkdsk c: /r</pre> Where <code>c:</code> is where your Windows is installed.</li> </ol> </ol> Press <kbd>Enter</kbd> <h3>Windows Resource Protection could not start the repair service</h3> The sfc utility may return the following error when you try to run it: <pre>Windows Resource Protection could not start the repair service</pre> If it returns this error, run the following commands: <ol> <li> <pre>ren c:\windows\winsxs\pending.xml pending.old</pre> Replace <code>C</code> with the drive's letter where Windows is installed on.</li> <li> <pre>sfc /scannow /offbootdir=[c]:\ /offwindir=[c]:\windows</pre> Replace <code>C</code> with the drive's letter where Windows is installed on.</li> </ol> <h2>More Information</h2> [partial name="partial_moreinfo" versions="xp,vista,7,8,10"]